Essential MySQL 50 Selected Practice Questions with Answers

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Essential MySQL 50 Selected Practice Questions with Answers

Table Names and Fields(MySQL)

  1. Student Table
    Student(s_id, s_name, s_birth, s_sex)
    Student ID, Student Name, Date of Birth, Student Gender

  2. Course Table
    Course(c_id, c_name, t_id)
    Course ID, Course Name, Teacher ID

  3. Teacher Table
    Teacher(t_id, t_name)
    Teacher ID, Teacher Name

  4. Score Table
    Score(s_id, c_id, s_score)
    Student ID, Course ID, Score

Test Data - Creating Tables

  1. Student Table

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    CREATE TABLE  `Student`(  
    `s_id` VARCHAR(20),
    `s_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    `s_birth` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    `s_sex` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`)
    );
  2. Course Table

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    CREATE TABLE  `Course`(  
    `c_id` VARCHAR(20),
    `c_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    `t_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY(`c_id`)
    );
  3. Teacher Table

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    CREATE TABLE  `Teacher`(  
    `t_id` VARCHAR(20),
    `t_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    PRIMARY KEY(`t_id`)
    );
  4. Score Table

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    CREATE TABLE  `Score`(  
    `s_id` VARCHAR(20),
    `c_id` VARCHAR(20),
    `s_score` INT(3),
    PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`,`c_id`)
    );
  5. Inserting Test Data into Student Table

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    INSERT INTO Student VALUES('01', 'John Doe', '1990-01-01', 'Male');  
    INSERT INTO Student VALUES('02', 'Jane Smith', '1990-12-21', 'Male');
    INSERT INTO Student VALUES('03', 'Michael Brown', '1990-05-20', 'Male');
    INSERT INTO Student VALUES('04', 'Emily Davis', '1990-08-06', 'Male');
    INSERT INTO Student VALUES('05', 'Lucy Johnson', '1991-12-01', 'Female');
    INSERT INTO Student VALUES('06', 'Sophia Williams', '1992-03-01', 'Female');
    INSERT INTO Student VALUES('07', 'Olivia Taylor', '1989-07-01', 'Female');
    INSERT INTO Student VALUES('08', 'Victoria King', '1990-01-20', 'Female');
  6. Inserting Test Data into Course Table

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    INSERT INTO Course VALUES('01', 'Literature', '02');  
    INSERT INTO Course VALUES('02', 'Mathematics', '01');
    INSERT INTO Course VALUES('03', 'English', '03');
  7. Inserting Test Data into Teacher Table

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    INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('01', 'Andrew');  
    INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('02', 'Bethany');
    INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('03', 'Charlie');
  8. Transcript Test Data

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    insert into Score values('01' , '01' , 80);
    insert into Score values('01' , '02' , 90);
    insert into Score values('01' , '03' , 99);
    insert into Score values('02' , '01' , 70);
    insert into Score values('02' , '02' , 60);
    insert into Score values('02' , '03' , 80);
    insert into Score values('03' , '01' , 80);
    insert into Score values('03' , '02' , 80);
    insert into Score values('03' , '03' , 80);
    insert into Score values('04' , '01' , 50);
    insert into Score values('04' , '02' , 30);
    insert into Score values('04' , '03' , 20);
    insert into Score values('05' , '01' , 76);
    insert into Score values('05' , '02' , 87);
    insert into Score values('06' , '01' , 31);
    insert into Score values('06' , '03' , 34);
    insert into Score values('07' , '02' , 89);
    insert into Score values('07' , '03' , 98);

Exercise questions and SQL statements

  1. Retrieve the information and course scores of students who have a higher score in course ‘01’ than in course ‘02’
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SELECT a.*, b.s_score AS '01_score', c.s_score AS '02_score'  
FROM student a
JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id AND b.c_id = '01'
LEFT JOIN score c ON a.s_id = c.s_id AND c.c_id = '02'
WHERE b.s_score > COALESCE(c.s_score, 0); -- Using COALESCE instead of OR c.c_id = NULL

-- Alternatively
SELECT a.*, b.s_score AS '01_score', c.s_score AS '02_score'
FROM student a, score b, score c
WHERE a.s_id = b.s_id
AND a.s_id = c.s_id
AND b.c_id = '01'
AND c.c_id = '02'
AND b.s_score > c.s_score;
  1. Retrieve the information and course scores of students who have a lower score in course ‘01’ than in course ‘02’
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SELECT a.*, b.s_score AS '01_score', c.s_score AS '02_score'  
FROM student a
LEFT JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id AND b.c_id = '01'
JOIN score c ON a.s_id = c.s_id AND c.c_id = '02'
WHERE COALESCE(b.s_score, 0) < c.s_score; -- Using COALESCE for clarity

  1. Retrieve student IDs, names, and average scores for students with an average score of 60 or above
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SELECT b.s_id, b.s_name, ROUND(AVG(a.s_score), 2) AS avg_score  
FROM student b
JOIN score a ON b.s_id = a.s_id
GROUP BY b.s_id, b.s_name
HAVING AVG(a.s_score) >= 60;
  1. Retrieve student IDs, names, and average scores for students with an average score below 60 (including those with no scores)
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SELECT b.s_id, b.s_name, ROUND(AVG(a.s_score), 2) AS avg_score  
FROM student b
LEFT JOIN score a ON b.s_id = a.s_id
GROUP BY b.s_id, b.s_name
HAVING AVG(a.s_score) < 60
UNION
SELECT a.s_id, a.s_name, 0 AS avg_score
FROM student a
WHERE a.s_id NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT s_id FROM score);
  1. Retrieve student IDs, names, total courses selected, and total scores across all courses
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SELECT a.s_id, a.s_name, COUNT(b.c_id) AS sum_course, SUM(b.s_score) AS sum_score  
FROM student a
LEFT JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id
GROUP BY a.s_id, a.s_name;
  1. Query the number of teachers with the surname “Smith”
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SELECT  COUNT(t_id) FROM teacher WHERE t_name LIKE  'Smith%';
  1. Query the information of students who have taken classes taught by Teacher “John Doe”
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SELECT a.*  
FROM student a
JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id
WHERE b.c_id IN (
SELECT c_id FROM course
WHERE t_id = (
SELECT t_id FROM teacher
WHERE t_name = 'John Doe'
)
);
  1. Query the information of students who have not taken classes taught by Teacher “John Doe”
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SELECT *  
FROM student c
WHERE c.s_id NOT IN (
SELECT a.s_id
FROM student a
JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id
WHERE b.c_id IN (
SELECT a.c_id
FROM course a
JOIN teacher b ON a.t_id = b.t_id
WHERE t_name = 'John Doe'
)
);
  1. Query the information of students who have taken both courses with IDs “Math101” and “Science101”
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SELECT a.*  
FROM student a, score b, score c
WHERE a.s_id = b.s_id
AND a.s_id = c.s_id
AND b.c_id = 'Math101'
AND c.c_id = 'Science101';
  1. Query the information of students who have taken the course with ID “Math101” but have not taken the course with ID “Science101”
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SELECT a.*
FROM student a
WHERE a.s_id IN (SELECT s_id FROM score WHERE c_id = 'Math101')
AND a.s_id NOT IN (SELECT s_id FROM score WHERE c_id = 'Science101');
  1. Query information of students who have not taken all courses
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-- @wendiepei's approach
SELECT s.*
FROM student s
LEFT JOIN Score s1 ON s1.s_id = s.s_id
GROUP BY s.s_id
HAVING COUNT(s1.c_id) < (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM course);
-- @k1051785839's approach
SELECT *
FROM student
WHERE s_id NOT IN (
SELECT s_id
FROM score t1
GROUP BY s_id
HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT c_id) FROM course)
);
  1. Query information of students who have taken at least one course in common with student ID ‘01’
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SELECT *   
FROM student
WHERE s_id IN (
SELECT DISTINCT a.s_id
FROM score a
WHERE a.c_id IN (
SELECT c_id
FROM score
WHERE s_id = '01'
)
);
  1. Query information of students who have taken exactly the same courses as student ID ‘01’
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SELECT
t3.*
FROM
(
SELECT
s_id,
group_concat(c_id ORDER BY c_id) group1
FROM
score
WHERE
s_id &lt;> '01'
GROUP BY
s_id
) t1
INNER JOIN (
SELECT
group_concat(c_id ORDER BY c_id) group2
FROM
score
WHERE
s_id = '01'
GROUP BY
s_id
) t2 ON t1.group1 = t2.group2
INNER JOIN student t3 ON t1.s_id = t3.s_id
  1. Query the names of students who have not taken any course taught by Teacher “Tom”
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select a.s_name from student a where a.s_id not in (
select s_id from score where c_id =
(select c_id from course where t_id =(
select t_id from teacher where t_name = 'Tom')));
  1. Query student IDs, names, and average scores of students who have failed two or more courses
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SELECT a.s_id, a.s_name, ROUND(AVG(b.s_score), 2) AS average_score  
FROM student a
LEFT JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id
WHERE a.s_id IN (
SELECT s_id
FROM score
WHERE s_score < 60
GROUP BY s_id
HAVING COUNT(*) >= 2
)
GROUP BY a.s_id, a.s_name;
  1. Retrieve student information for students who scored less than 60 on course “01”, ordered by score in descending order.
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SELECT a.*, b.c_id, b.s_score  
FROM student a
JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id
WHERE b.c_id = '01' AND b.s_score < 60
ORDER BY b.s_score DESC;
  1. Display the scores of all courses and the average score for each student, ordered by their average score from highest to lowest.
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SELECT   
a.s_id,
MAX(CASE WHEN c_id = '01' THEN s_score END) AS Chinese,
MAX(CASE WHEN c_id = '02' THEN s_score END) AS Math,
MAX(CASE WHEN c_id = '03' THEN s_score END) AS English,
ROUND(AVG(s_score), 2) AS average_score
FROM score a
GROUP BY a.s_id
ORDER BY average_score DESC;
  1. Query the highest score, lowest score, average score, pass rate, medium rate, good rate, and excellent rate for each course. Display in the following format: Course ID, Course Name, Highest Score, Lowest Score, Average Score, Pass Rate, Medium Rate, Good Rate, Excellent Rate.
    – Pass is >=60, Medium is 70-80, Good is 80-90, Excellent is >=90
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SELECT   
a.c_id,
b.c_name,
MAX(s_score) AS HighestScore,
MIN(s_score) AS LowestScore,
ROUND(AVG(s_score), 2) AS AverageScore,
ROUND(100 * (SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / COUNT(s_score)), 2) AS PassRate,
ROUND(100 * (SUM(CASE WHEN s_score BETWEEN 70 AND 80 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / COUNT(s_score)), 2) AS MediumRate,
ROUND(100 * (SUM(CASE WHEN s_score BETWEEN 80 AND 90 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / COUNT(s_score)), 2) AS GoodRate,
ROUND(100 * (SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >= 90 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / COUNT(s_score)), 2) AS ExcellentRate
FROM
score a
LEFT JOIN
course b ON a.c_id = b.c_id
GROUP BY
a.c_id, b.c_name;
  1. Sort scores by course and display rankings. MySQL does not have a built-in RANK() function, so we’ll use variables to simulate it.
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SELECT   
a.s_id,
a.c_id,
@rank := IF(@prev_score = a.s_score, @rank, @rank + 1) AS rank_without_ties,
@prev_score := a.s_score AS score
FROM
(SELECT s_id, c_id, s_score FROM score ORDER BY c_id, s_score DESC) a,
(SELECT @rank := 0, @prev_score := NULL) r
ORDER BY
a.c_id, a.rank_without_ties;
  1. Query the total score of each student and rank them
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SELECT   
a.s_id,
@rank := IF(@prev_score = a.sum_score, @rank, @rank + 1) AS rank,
@prev_score := a.sum_score AS total_score
FROM
(SELECT s_id, SUM(s_score) AS sum_score FROM score GROUP BY s_id ORDER BY sum_score DESC) a,
(SELECT @rank := 0, @prev_score := NULL) r
ORDER BY
total_score DESC;
  1. Query the average score of different courses taught by different teachers, sorted from highest to lowest
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SELECT   
a.t_id,
c.t_name,
a.c_id,
ROUND(AVG(s_score), 2) AS avg_score
FROM
course a
LEFT JOIN
score b ON a.c_id = b.c_id
LEFT JOIN
teacher c ON a.t_id = c.t_id
GROUP BY
a.c_id, a.t_id, c.t_name
ORDER BY
avg_score DESC;
  1. Query the information of students who rank second and third in all courses along with their scores
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(SELECT   
d.*,
c.ranking,
c.s_score,
c.c_id
FROM
(SELECT
s_id,
s_score,
c_id,
@rank := IF(@prev_cid = c_id, @rank + 1, 1) AS ranking,
@prev_cid := c_id
FROM
score,
(SELECT @rank := 0, @prev_cid := NULL) AS var_init
WHERE
c_id = '01'
ORDER BY
c_id, s_score DESC
) c
LEFT JOIN
student d ON c.s_id = d.s_id
WHERE
c.ranking BETWEEN 2 AND 3
)
UNION
(SELECT
d.*,
c.ranking,
c.s_score,
c.c_id
FROM
(SELECT similar structure as above but with c_id = '02' in the WHERE clause) c
LEFT JOIN
student d ON c.s_id = d.s_id
WHERE
c.ranking BETWEEN 2 AND 3
)
UNION
(SELECT similar structure as above but with c_id = '03' in the WHERE clause);
  1. Count the number of students in each score range for each subject:

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    select distinct f.c_name, a.c_id,
    b.`85-100`, b.Percentage as `[85-100] Percentage`,
    c.`70-85`, c.Percentage as `[70-85] Percentage`,
    d.`60-70`, d.Percentage as `[60-70] Percentage`,
    e.`0-60`, e.Percentage as `[0-60] Percentage`
    from score a
    left join (
    select c_id,
    SUM(case when s_score > 85 and s_score <= 100 then 1 else 0 end) as `85-100`,
    ROUND(100*(SUM(case when s_score > 85 and s_score <= 100 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*)),2) as Percentage
    from score GROUP BY c_id
    ) b on a.c_id = b.c_id
    left join (
    select c_id,
    SUM(case when s_score > 70 and s_score <= 85 then 1 else 0 end) as `70-85`,
    ROUND(100*(SUM(case when s_score > 70 and s_score <= 85 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*)),2) as Percentage
    from score GROUP BY c_id
    ) c on a.c_id = c.c_id
    left join (
    select c_id,
    SUM(case when s_score > 60 and s_score <= 70 then 1 else 0 end) as `60-70`,
    ROUND(100*(SUM(case when s_score > 60 and s_score <= 70 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*)),2) as Percentage
    from score GROUP BY c_id
    ) d on a.c_id = d.c_id
    left join (
    select c_id,
    SUM(case when s_score >= 0 and s_score <= 60 then 1 else 0 end) as `0-60`,
    ROUND(100*(SUM(case when s_score >= 0 and s_score <= 60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*)),2) as Percentage
    from score GROUP BY c_id
    ) e on a.c_id = e.c_id
    left join course f on a.c_id = f.c_id;
  2. Query average scores and their ranks for students:

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    select a.s_id,
    @i:=@i+1 as 'No Gaps in Ranking',
    @k:=(case when @avg_score=a.avg_s then @k else @i end) as 'With Gaps in Ranking',
    @avg_score:=avg_s as 'Average Score'
    from (select s_id, ROUND(AVG(s_score),2) as avg_s from score GROUP BY s_id ORDER BY avg_s DESC) a,
    (select @avg_score:=0, @i:=0, @k:=0) b;
  3. Query records of the top three students in each subject:

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    select a.s_id, a.c_id, a.s_score from score a 
    left join score b on a.c_id = b.c_id and a.s_score < b.s_score
    group by a.s_id, a.c_id, a.s_score
    having count(b.s_id) < 3
    order by a.c_id, a.s_score desc;
  4. Query the number of students enrolled in each course:

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    select c_id, count(s_id) from score group by c_id;
  5. Query the student ID and name of students who have taken exactly two courses:

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    select s_id, s_name from student 
    where s_id in (select s_id from score group by s_id having count(c_id) = 2);
  6. Query the number of male and female students:

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    select s_sex, count(s_sex) as Count from student group by s_sex;
  7. Query student information whose name contains the character “Tom”:

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    select * from student where s_name like '%Tom%';
  8. Query list of students with the same name and gender, and count of such names:

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    select a.s_name, a.s_sex, count(*) as Count from student a  
    join student b on a.s_id != b.s_id and a.s_name = b.s_name and a.s_sex = b.s_sex
    group by a.s_name, a.s_sex;
  9. Query list of students born in 1990:

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    select s_name from student where s_birth like '1990%';
  10. Query average scores for each course, ordered by average score descending, and course ID ascending if average scores are the same:

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    select c_id, round(avg(s_score), 2) as avg_score from score group by c_id order by avg_score desc, c_id asc;
  11. Query student ID, name, and average score of students with average score >= 85:

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    select a.s_id, b.s_name, round(avg(a.s_score), 2) as avg_score from score a
    left join student b on a.s_id = b.s_id group by s_id having avg_score >= 85;
  12. Query names and scores of students who scored less than 60 in the course “mathematics”:

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    select a.s_name, b.s_score from student a 
    join score b on a.s_id = b.s_id
    where b.c_id = (select c_id from course where c_name = 'mathematics')
    and b.s_score < 60;
  13. Query course-wise scores and total scores of all students:

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    select a.s_id, a.s_name,
    sum(case c.c_name when 'history' then b.s_score else 0 end) as 'history',
    sum(case c.c_name when 'mathematics' then b.s_score else 0 end) as 'mathematics',
    sum(case c.c_name when 'Politics' then b.s_score else 0 end) as 'Politics',
    sum(b.s_score) as 'Total score'
    from student a
    left join score b on a.s_id = b.s_id
    left join course c on b.c_id = c.c_id
    group by a.s_id, a.s_name;
  14. Query names, course names, and scores of students scoring above 70 in any course:

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    select a.s_name, b.c_name, c.s_score from student a 
    left join score c on a.s_id = c.s_id
    left join course b on c.c_id = b.c_id
    where c.s_score >= 70;
  15. Query courses where students failed:

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    select a.s_id, a.c_id, b.c_name, a.s_score from score a 
    left join course b on a.c_id = b.c_id
    where a.s_score < 60;
  16. Query student ID and name of students who scored above 80 in course ‘01’:

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    select a.s_id, b.s_name from score a 
    left join student b on a.s_id = b.s_id
    where a.c_id = '01' and a.s_score > 80;
  17. Count number of students in each course:

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    select count(*) from score group by c_id;
  18. Query information of the highest scoring student in courses taught by teacher “Tom”:
    – Get teacher ID

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    select c_id from course c, teacher d where c.t_id = d.t_id and d.t_name = 'Tom';

    – Get maximum score (could have ties)

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    select max(s_score) from score where c_id = '02';

    – Get information

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    select a.*, b.s_score, b.c_id, c.c_name from student a 
    left join score b on a.s_id = b.s_id
    left join course c on b.c_id = c.c_id
    where b.c_id = (select c_id from course c, teacher d where c.t_id = d.t_id and d.t_name = 'Tom')
    and b.s_score in (select max(s_score) from score where c_id = '02');
  19. Query student ID, course ID, and score where different courses have the same score:

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    select distinct b.s_id, b.c_id, b.s_score from score a, score b 
    where a.c_id != b.c_id and a.s_score = b.s_score;
  20. Query top two scores for each course:

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    select a.s_id, a.c_id, a.s_score from score a 
    where (select count(1) from score b where b.c_id = a.c_id and b.s_score >= a.s_score) <= 2 order by a.c_id;
  21. Count number of students enrolled in each course (courses with more than 5 students):

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    select c_id, count(*) as total from score group by c_id having total > 5 order by total, c_id asc;
  22. Query student IDs who have enrolled in at least two courses:

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    select s_id, count(*) as sel from score group by s_id having sel >= 2;
  23. Query information of students who have enrolled in all courses:

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    select * from student where s_id in (select s_id from score group by s_id having count(*) = (select count(*) from course));
  24. Query age of each student:
    – Calculate age based on birthdate; subtract one if current month/day is before birthdate’s month/day

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    2
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    select s_birth, (date_format(now(), '%Y') - date_format(s_birth, '%Y') - 
    (case when date_format(now(), '%m%d') > date_format(s_birth, '%m%d') then 0 else 1 end)) as age
    from student;
  25. Query students whose birthday is this week:

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    select * from student where week(date_format(now(), '%Y%m%d')) = week(s_birth);
  26. Query students whose birthday is next week:

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    select * from student where week(date_format(now(), '%Y%m%d')) + 1 = week(s_birth);
  27. Query students whose birthday is this month:

    1
    select * from student where month(date_format(now(), '%Y%m%d')) = month(s_birth);
  28. Query students whose birthday is next month:

    1
    select * from student where month(date_format(now(), '%Y%m%d')) + 1 = month(s_birth);

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